Dictionary

Dictionary is used to implement the key-value pair in python. The dictionary is the data type in python which can simulate the real-life data arrangement where some specific value exists for some particular key.

In other words, we can say that a dictionary is the collection of key-value pairs where the value can be any python object whereas the keys are the immutable python object, i.e., Numbers, string or tuple.

Dictionary simulates Java hash-map in python.

Creating the dictionary

The dictionary can be created by using multiple key-value pairs enclosed with the small brackets () and separated by the colon (:). The collections of the key-value pairs are enclosed within the curly braces {}.

The syntax to define the dictionary is given below.

Dict = {"Name": "Ayush","Age": 22}

In the above dictionary Dict, The keys Name, and Age are the string that is an immutable object.

Let's see an example to create a dictionary and printing its content.

Employee = {"Name": "John", "Age": 29, "salary":25000,"Company":"GOOGLE"}
print(type(Employee))
print("printing Employee data .... ")
print(Employee)

Accessing the dictionary values

We have discussed how the data can be accessed in the list and tuple by using the indexing.

However, the values can be accessed in the dictionary by using the keys as keys are unique in the dictionary.

The dictionary values can be accessed in the following way.

Employee = {"Name": "John", "Age": 29, "salary":25000,"Company":"GOOGLE"}
print(type(Employee))
print("printing Employee data .... ")
print("Name : %s" %Employee["Name"])
print("Age : %d" %Employee["Age"])
print("Salary : %d" %Employee["salary"])
print("Company : %s" %Employee["Company"])

Python provides us with an alternative to use the get() method to access the dictionary values. It would give the same result as given by the indexing.

Updating dictionary values

The dictionary is a mutable data type, and its values can be updated by using the specific keys.

Let's see an example to update the dictionary values.

Employee = {"Name": "John", "Age": 29, "salary":25000,"Company":"GOOGLE"}
print(type(Employee))
print("printing Employee data .... ")
print(Employee)
print("Enter the details of the new employee....");
Employee["Name"] = input("Name: ");
Employee["Age"] = int(input("Age: "));
Employee["salary"] = int(input("Salary: "));
Employee["Company"] = input("Company:");
print("printing the new data");
print(Employee)

Deleting elements using del keyword

The items of the dictionary can be deleted by using the del keyword as given below.

Employee = {"Name": "John", "Age": 29, "salary":25000,"Company":"GOOGLE"}
print(type(Employee))
print("printing Employee data .... ")
print(Employee)
print("Deleting some of the employee data") 
del Employee["Name"]
del Employee["Company"]
print("printing the modified information ")
print(Employee)
print("Deleting the dictionary: Employee");
del Employee
print("Lets try to print it again ");
print(Employee)

Iterating Dictionary

A dictionary can be iterated using the for loop as given below.

# for loop to print all the keys of a dictionary

Employee = {"Name": "John", "Age": 29, "salary":25000,"Company":"GOOGLE"}
for x in Employee:
	print(x);

#for loop to print all the values of the dictionary

Employee = {"Name": "John", "Age": 29, "salary":25000,"Company":"GOOGLE"}
for x in Employee:
	print(Employee[x]);

#for loop to print the values of the dictionary by using values() method.

Employee = {"Name": "John", "Age": 29, "salary":25000,"Company":"GOOGLE"}
for x in Employee.values():
	print(x);

#for loop to print the items of the dictionary by using items() method.

Employee = {"Name": "John", "Age": 29, "salary":25000,"Company":"GOOGLE"}
for x in Employee.items():
	print(x);

Properties of Dictionary keys

1. In the dictionary, we can not store multiple values for the same keys. If we pass more than one values for a single key, then the value which is last assigned is considered as the value of the key.

Consider the following example.

Employee = {"Name": "John", "Age": 29, "Salary":25000,"Company":"GOOGLE","Name":"Johnn"}
for x,y in Employee.items():
	print(x,y)

2. In python, the key cannot be any mutable object. We can use numbers, strings, or tuple as the key but we can not use any mutable object like the list as the key in the dictionary.

Consider the following example.

Employee = {"Name": "John", "Age": 29, "salary":25000,"Company":"GOOGLE",[100,201,301]:"Department ID"}
for x,y in Employee.items():
	print(x,y)

Built-in Dictionary functions

The built-in python dictionary methods along with the description are given below.

Built-in Dictionary methods

The built-in python dictionary methods along with the description are given below.