Java Garbage Collection

In java, garbage means unreferenced objects.

Garbage Collection is process of reclaiming the runtime unused memory automatically. In other words, it is a way to destroy the unused objects.

To do so, we were using free() function in C language and delete() in C++. But, in java it is performed automatically. So, java provides better memory management.

Advantage of Garbage Collection

It makes java memory efficient because garbage collector removes the unreferenced objects from heap memory.
It is automatically done by the garbage collector(a part of JVM) so we don't need to make extra efforts.

How can an object be unreferenced?

There are many ways:

By nulling the reference
By assigning a reference to another
By anonymous object etc.

1) By nulling a reference:

Example #1

snippet

Employee e=new Employee();
e=null;

2) By assigning a reference to another:

Example #2

snippet

Employee e1=new Employee();
Employee e2=new Employee();
e1=e2;//now the first object referred by e1 is available for garbage collection

3) By anonymous object:

Example #3

snippet

new Employee();

finalize() method

The finalize() method is invoked each time before the object is garbage collected. This method can be used to perform cleanup processing. This method is defined in Object class as:

Example

snippet

protected void finalize(){}

Note

Note: The Garbage collector of JVM collects only those objects that are created by new keyword. So if you have created any object without new, you can use finalize method to perform cleanup processing (destroying remaining objects).

gc() method

The gc() method is used to invoke the garbage collector to perform cleanup processing. The gc() is found in System and Runtime classes.

public static void gc(){}

Note

Note: Garbage collection is performed by a daemon thread called Garbage Collector(GC). This thread calls the finalize() method before object is garbage collected.

Simple Example of garbage collection in java

Example

snippet

public class TestGarbage1{
 public void finalize(){System.out.println("object is garbage collected");}
 public static void main(String args[]){
  TestGarbage1 s1=new TestGarbage1();
  TestGarbage1 s2=new TestGarbage1();
  s1=null;
  s2=null;
  System.gc();
 }
}

Output

object is garbage collected object is garbage collected

Note

Neither finalization nor garbage collection is guaranteed.